Ngenxa yemilambo exineneyo nokuza kwamanzi amaninzi, iTshayina lilizwe elinamanzi amaninzi.Ngokutsho kwedatha, i-China ine-hydropower ubuncinane ye-600 yezigidi, apho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha singasetyenziswa.Ke ngoko, iTshayina incamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zombane wamanzi.Emva kokuba iDama leeGorge ezintathu ligqityiwe, ezine ziphezuluizikhululo zombaneezakhiwe yi-China kuMlambo waseYangtze zinamandla kunabanye, kwaye bonke "banezakhono ezizodwa".Namhlanje, isikali esidityanisiweyo sokuvelisa amandla asikho ngaphantsi kwaleyo yeMiwonyo eNtathu, kwaye neMiwonyo eNtathu ibonakala isemva.Ezi zikhululo zombane ezine zamanzi yiWudongde Hydropower Station, Xiluodu Hydropower Station, Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station kunye neBaihetan Hydropower Station.ISikhululo soMbane wamanzi iBaihetan sesona sikhululo soveliso lombane ngobukhulu eTshayina, esinokuveliswa kombane ngonyaka ozibhiliyoni ezingama-62.443 zeekhilowathi kunye nokuncipha kokukhutshwa kombane ngeetoni ezizigidi ezingama-50.48 zecarbon dioxide.
Iiprojekthi ezimbini zeProjekthi yesiGaba soku-I soMlambo i-Xiluodu Hydropower Station egqitywe ngo-2015 kunye ne-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station egqitywe ngo-2014. Isikhululo sombane i-Xiluodu ngumthombo olawulayo onyukayo we-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, kunye ne-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station ngumthombo wolawulo olubuyela umva ongezantsi.Izikhululo zombane ezibini zombane zisebenzisana enye kwenye kwaye zilawula i-85% yomlambo i-Jinsha River basin.Nangona iSikhululo samandla ombane i-Xiluodu sikhulu kwisikali sokwakha, kodwa umthamo ofakiweyo weSikhululo soMbane we-Xiangjiaba uphezulu.Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iSikhululo soMbane we-Xiangjiaba sesona sikhululo sombane wamanzi kuphela esinomthamo wokunkcenkceshela phakathi kwezikhululo zombane ezine zamanzi, kwaye, njengeMiwonyo emithathu, ixhotyiswe ngeyona nqanawa inkulu yokunyuswa kwenqanawa.
Isikhululo sombane iWudongde Hydropower saziwa njengesikhululo sombane sesine ngobukhulu eTshayina kunye nesesixhenxe ngobukhulu emhlabeni.Ukwakhiwa kwesi sikhululo sombane kunzima kakhulu, ukodlula iXiangjiaba kunye neXiluodu.Ibonakala ngokusetyenziswa koyilo lwe-arch dam, hayi idama lomxhuzulane.Umzimba wedama ubhityile kakhulu, ubukhulu bomzantsi wedama ziimitha ezingama-51, kwaye eyona ndawo ibhityileyo phezulu yimitha eyi-0.19 kuphela.Nangona kunjalo, umzimba wedama onoyilo lwe-arched kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokwakha kunye nobuchule unokumelana noxinzelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi.Lidama elibonakala libhityile kodwa lomelele kwaye lomelele, kuyancomeka ukuba iSikhululo soMbane wamanzi iWudongde saziwa njengedama elikrelekrele.Iinzwa ezininzi zifakelwe ukujonga imeko yedama ngexesha lokwenyani.
Amandla e-Baihetan Hydropower Station aphuma phezulu.Sesona sikhululo phakathi kwezikhululo ezine zoveliso lombane kunye nesesibini esikhulu kunazo zonke isikhululo sombane eTshayina emva kweMiwonyo emithathu.Kuthathe iminyaka engama-70 ukucwangcisa kwaye kuxabisa amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Isikhululo sombane owenziwe ngamanzi lelona dama liphezulu linobunzima bobugcisa obuphezulu kwihlabathi, esona sikhululo sikhulu somthamo omnye, esona sikali sikhulu sokwakha, kunye nesesibini emva kweMiwonyo eMithathu kuphela ekuveliseni umbane.Ngenxa yobume bokwakha obunzima kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okuphazamisayo ngexesha lokwakha, kwazisa iimvavanyo ezininzi kwiqela.Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje umzimba wedama ugqityiwe kwaye nomthamo ofakiweyo uqalile.Emva kokuba amadama amane esetyenzisiwe kwixesha elizayo, umyinge wokuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka uya kudlula iMiwonyo eThathu, ngoko indima yawo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ezi zikhululo zine zoveliso lombane zonke zikwi-Jinsha River Basin.Umlambo i-Jinsha ngowona mmandla uphezulu woMlambo iYangtze unomahluko wobude obuziimitha ezingama-5,100.Umthombo wombane owenziwe ngamanzi ungaphezu kwe-100 lezigidi ze-kWh, ezibalelwa kuma-40% ombane uphela woMlambo iYangtze.Ke ngoko, iChina iza kwakha izikhululo zombane ezingama-25 kuMlambo iJinsha.Kodwa abona bamele kakhulu yiWudongde, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba kunye neBaihetan hydropower stations.Isikali sotyalo-mali kwezi zikhululo zombane ezine zamanzi sigqitha i-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Baza kukwazi ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo amandla acocekileyo e-China, kwaye benze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwimeko yendalo yaseTshayina ngelixa bencedisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nophuhliso.
Ngokusebenza okulandelelanayo kwezi zikhululo zine zoveliso lombane kuMlambo i-Jinsha kunye nokugqityezelwa kwazo zonke izikhululo zoveliso zamanzi ezingama-25 kuMlambo i-Jinsha kwixesha elizayo, i-China iya kuba nako ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ubutyebi bombane oveliswa ngamanzi kuMlambo i-Jinsha.Ngokusebenzisa imithombo yombane eninzi, iya kukwazi ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu samandla acocekileyo.Ikwaye yaba yeyona nto iphambili yokuhanjiswa kwamandla entshona ukuya empuma eTshayina.Emva kokuba umbane uhanjiswe kwizixeko eziselunxwemeni olusempuma, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kummandla osempuma kunokwancitshiswa, ukwenzela ukuba ukucuthwa kwamandla oshishino kunokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo.Emva kokuba unikezelo lwamandla luqinisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo, izixeko eziselunxwemeni olusempuma nazo ziya kukhanya ngokuvela komjikelo omtsha wobomi.
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